What Are the Risks of Abortion?

The risks of abortion should be known to all women who experience unwanted pregnancy. First of all, it should be underlined that abortion is a surgical operation. All surgical operations also contain some risks. In other words, there is no risk-free surgical operation.

Therefore, it should be known that the abortion procedure performed for termination of pregnancy also carries some complication risks. Of course, the risks of abortion are tried to be minimized by various measures. However, we can still state that the risks of complications are not completely eliminated.

Uterus Puncture (Perforation)

First of all, it is necessary to state that perforation of the uterus is very rare, although it is among the risks of abortion. Especially in vacuum aspiration technique, the possibility of this complication risk decreases even more, but the cannula used in the procedure may cause this stopping. In case of perforation, a surgical operation must be performed to repair the uterus.

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Infection Formation

The infection is not only among the risks of abortion. All surgical operations involve the risk of infection. Infection is suspected in various situations, such as high fever or increased bleeding after abortion. However, antibiotics are prescribed by your doctor to minimize this risk after the procedure. It is recommended to use the drugs regularly.

Part Remaining (Rest Placenta)

We can say that this risk is more common if abortion is performed before  the 6th week of pregnancy. Apart from that, it is one of the rarest risks of abortion and manifests itself with symptoms such as pain, such as bleeding. In the case of the rest placenta, the abortion must be performed again.

Blood in the Uterus (Hematometra)

This risk is manifested by the inability of the blood to be thrown out of the vagina due to the contraction of the uterus. We can state that this situation is not very common among the risks of abortion. If there is no bleeding after an abortion, you should inform your doctor immediately. Severe pain occurs as blood accumulates in the uterus.

Abortion Failed

Sometimes there may be some deformities in the uterus. Sometimes, catheter cannot be applied into the uterus due to some operations the patient has previously undergone, and therefore abortion cannot be started. In this case, which is among the risks of extremely rare abortion, the patient needs to take some medications. Therefore, the patient is awakened and the cervix is opened with medicines.

Intrauterine Adhesion (Asherman)

First of all, when the vacuum aspiration technique is preferred, we can state that the probability of intrauterine adhesion syndrome is almost nonexistent. Because the reason for this syndrome is that the uterus is scrapped much more than it should be. In vacuum aspiration, there is no scraping process and therefore the likelihood of asherman is also very low.

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Continuation of Pregnancy

Although abortion is sometimes performed, pregnancy can continue. This risk is usually experienced if the operation is performed before the 6th week of pregnancy. The formation of the gestational sac may not be completed before the 6th week of pregnancy, and therefore it is not possible to evacuate the whole sac from the uterus during abortion.

Therefore, pregnancy continues despite abortion. With the ultrasound imaging performed after the procedure, it can be easily understood whether pregnancy continues. Of course, in such a case, an abortion procedure must be done again.

Psychological problems

Depression appears to be a common risk after abortion. We can observe that psychological problems are experienced much more effectively, especially when the woman does not actually want to have an abortion but is forced to do so due to various reasons. Although abortion is not at the level of depression, problems such as feeling guilty and regret may also arise. In this case, gynecologists and obstetricians recommend patients to receive psychological therapy.

Is There a Risk of Vacuum Abortion?

Now, abortion is performed mostly using vacuum aspiration method and we can state that this method is the most ideal option in terms of the risks of abortion. The method with the least complication risk is vacuum aspiration.

It is the most comfortable method for both the patient and the physician in terms of evacuating the baby from the mother's womb, and the procedure is completed in a short time of just 10 minutes. At the same time, clinical rest is not required and the patient can go home on the day of the procedure.

However, we cannot say that abortion with vacuum aspiration has no risks. Even if this method was preferred, we can state that the abortion procedure has a risk of complications.

For example, there is a risk that infection and pregnancy cannot be terminated. We can also state that complication risks are not at the same level in every patient. Especially age is an important factor and the risk of complications increases with the age of the woman. Experiencing a doctor is an important factor that reduces the likelihood of risks.


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Who is Risky to Have Abortion?

Since abortion is the only way to terminate the pregnancy in case of unwanted pregnancy, the operation must be mandatory. Of course, the risks of abortion apply to every patient, but we can say that the procedure may involve more risk in some patients. In cases where abortion is more risky, we can give the following examples:
• Having had multiple ovarian operations
• Having one ovary
• Having a chocolate cyst
• Having endometriosis disease
• Tobacco products being used
• Being over the age of 35
• Having a family history of early menopause
For these people, the risks of an abortion or a higher likelihood of risks arising. For this reason, the operation by an experienced doctor is much more important. However, if pregnancy planning is not performed, the application of prevention methods is much more important for these people.

By contacting the gynecologist and obstetrician, you can ensure that a suitable contraceptive method is recommended for you. In this way, you would prefer a more correct way in terms of the risks of abortion.

General Anesthesia Risks in Abortion

The risks of general anesthesia applied during abortion are not much different from the risks of general anesthesia applied for any surgical operation. The risks of abortion caused by general anesthesia can be evaluated in two different groups, common and rare.

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Common General Anesthesia Risks

• Pain and hoarseness in the throat
• Nausea and vomiting
• Decrease or increase in heart rate
• Rarely Seen General Anesthesia Risks
• Pain in the neck and back
• Damage to lips, tongue, teeth and throat
• Aspiration
• Allergic reaction
• Damage to the nerves
• Heart attack
• Skin burns depending on cautery device
All of these are among the risks of abortion due to general anesthesia. However, we can state that local anesthesia can also be preferred for abortion procedure. However, in case of local anesthesia, it is possible for the patient to feel mild pain or cramping during abortion. For this reason, mostly gynecologists and obstetricians make their preference for general anesthesia.

Is there a risk of the second abortion?

Abortion is a surgical operation that can be repeated. The risks of the second abortion are no different than the first abortion. In other words, we can say that the second time of abortion does not pose an extra risk. Abortion twice in just a few days may increase the risk of infection and bleeding. Because, abortion twice is needed in a few days.

Abortion is performed for the second time, especially if there is a piece in the content, but it is necessary to underline that the possibility of remaining in the piece is quite low when the vacuum aspiration technique is preferred. Although abortion remains part of the list of risks, this risk is significantly reduced in an abortion procedure performed by an experienced doctor.


external sources
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/medical-abortion/about/pac-20394687

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